An Analysis of Buyers' and Seller's Speech Act in Daily Transactional Communication

ABSTRACT

Hadi, Muhammad Sofiyul. 2012: “AN ANALYSIS OF BUYERS‟ AND SELLER‟S SPEECH ACTS IN DAILY TRANSACTIONAL COMMUNICATION AT KEBUMEN TRADITIONAL MARKET IN BANYUBIRU”. Thesis. Tarbiyah Faculty. English Major. State Islamic Studies Institute. Consultant: Hanung Triyoko, S.S, M.Hum, M.Ed.

Key Word: Speech Acts, Buyer and Seller

This Research is an effort to describe the form of  buyers‟ and seller‟s speech acts at Kebumen traditional  market. Main questions  that will be answered  in this research are (1) How is the preview of language usage in Kebumen traditional market?, (2) How are the forms of speech acts found in daily transactional communication   in   Kebumen  traditional   market   including   its  purpose  and strategy?. To answer this question, this research used descriptive qualitative approach  that  applied  interview,  observation,  and  documentation  methods  to collect data.

The data was analyzed in three steps, namely identification, classifying, and analyzing steps. This research shows that buyers and seller have purposes and strategies  in their utterance to interact with each other in daily transactional.  Learning  by using  buyers‟ and  seller‟s speech  act  at  Kebumen traditional market, the writer finds that languages used among seller and buyers are various nonstandard Javanese and Bahasa Indonesia which are delivered persuasively to each other to gain profit and it is classified according to Austin, Searle and Parker.

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A.     Background of the Study

Language is something needed to express opinion, emotion, and desires whether in speaking or writing. Language mostly used in communication, in the form of conversation and dialogue. It is true that language is vital part of human life. Language is one of characteristics of human‟s distinguishing principal with other creature.   Language   is   vital   communication   equipment   that applicable to  give opinion,  to  discuss,  and  to solve  a problem. Language is also possible for someone to study all things that has presented by others. Language is tools uses to communicate, as social intercourse equipment and keep contact with others, so a society system is build. Bahasa  memperlihatkan  aspek  majemuk  yang  mencakupi “aspek biologis, psikologis, sosial, dan kultural.”

(According to Moeliono (2000:4), language has several components such as biological, psychological, social, and cultural factors).Language is a system symbol of sound, operating through the organ of speech and hearing, among members of a given community,   and   using   vocal   symbols   possessing   arbitrary conventional meanings (Brown, 1980, p.4). Languages provide a variety of ways of saying the same thing addressing and greeting others, describing things, paying compliments (Holmes, 2001, P.3)

According to definitions above, the writer believes that language is an important part of human life. It is verbal communication tool and prominent in our live, without it people can get trouble to know the meaning and sense of others. There will be matches if people do not understand feeling and the meaning of others. It causes a system in our live will not be well-ordered also.

A Communication process cannot be separated from speech act or speech event. Speech act is actions which is shown by speech and has specific label in English, such as giving apologize, complaint, approbation, invitation, promise or request (Yule, 2006, p.82-83). The speaker hopes that his feeling can be known by the audience. Commonly, speaker and audience are helped by surrounding situation and condition. That situation can be called speech event. It is an activity that participants interact with language by using a conventional ways to achieve a result (Yule, 2006, p.99). Speech act is an action that is done by person who says an utterance. It is called speech act because there is anyone who says an utterance. Sometime, the speaker speaks the utterance that is not relevant with its meaning. That said so indirect and non-literal speech act.

According to Parker, speech act refers to direct speech act, indirect speech acts, literal speech act, non-literal   speech act, literal and direct speech act, non-literal and direct speech act, literal and indirect speech act, non-literal and indirect speech act (Parker, 1991, p.19-20).

The researcher is interested in studying an indirect and non- literal  speech  act  because  what  is  uttered  is  not  relevant  to speaker‟s purpose. For example, there is a dialog of transaction between buyer and seller at fruit-shop.

Buyer  : “Mbak, jeruk iki sekilonya berapa?”.

(Miss, how much is a kilogram of orange?) Seller   : “Kuwi seng bagus, 20 ribu sekilonya‟‟.

(One better is twenty thousand per kilogram) Buyer  : “Murah men, enggak boleh kurang to?”.

(That is really cheap! Could it be lesser?)

From  the  conversation  above  the  buyer  said  that  “Murah men, enggak boleh kurang to?”. This is indirect and non-literal speech act. It is non-literal because the buyer does not mean what his words say (i.e., he does not want the seller overcharge). It is indirect because the buyer is using an interrogative structure to perform the indirect illocutionary act of making request (i.e., that the cost of kilogram orange is cheaper).

Related to this case, pragmatics is the study of how language is used to communicate (Parker, 1991, p.11). The type of the study involves the meaning in the particular place and situation, during the use of language in communication. It means that the meaning is not literal, but contextual. A consideration is necessary by the communicator to manage what they want to say and to get what they want (Yule, 1996, p.3).

In this research, the writer is interested in conducting research about the usage of buyer's and seller's speech act entitled “An Analysis of Buyers’ and Seller’s Speech Acts in Daily Transactional Communication At Kebumen Traditional Market In Banyubiru”.

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